[483] Chaplin has also been honoured by the Irish town of Waterville, where he spent several summers with his family in the 1960s. [172], It was an unhappy marriage, and Chaplin spent long hours at the studio to avoid seeing his wife. [125], A Dog's Life, released April 1918, was the first film under the new contract. 25 Dec 1977 (aged 88) Corsier-sur-Vevey, District de la Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut, Vaud, Switzerland. Charles Chaplin, Jr., with N. and M. Rau, My Father, Charlie Chaplin, Random House: New York, (1960), pages 7-8. [351], By October 1977, Chaplin's health had declined to the point that he needed constant care. Gerald Mast has written that although UA never became a major company like MGM or Paramount Pictures, the idea that directors could produce their own films was "years ahead of its time". [302] The scandal attracted vast attention,[303] but Chaplin and his film were warmly received in Europe. [242] The Great Dictator received five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor. Mostly remembered for his silent picture roles as a little man with a moustache wearing a baggy suit and derby, Chaplin was considered to be the cinema's greatest comedian. . "[421] This approach has prompted criticism, since the 1940s, for being "old fashioned",[422] while the film scholar Donald McCaffrey sees it as an indication that Chaplin never completely understood film as a medium. [133] Chaplin was eager to start with the new company and offered to buy out his contract with First National. [299] Although McGranery told the press that he had "a pretty good case against Chaplin", Maland has concluded, on the basis of the FBI files that were released in the 1980s, that the US government had no real evidence to prevent Chaplin's re-entry. [384] The combination of story improvisation and relentless perfectionism which resulted in days of effort and thousands of feet of film being wasted, all at enormous expense often proved taxing for Chaplin who, in frustration, would lash out at his actors and crew. Associated Press, "Tentative Jury in Chaplin Case British Nationality Of Actor Made Issue". I have been the object of lies and propaganda by powerful reactionary groups who, by their influence and by the aid of America's yellow press, have created an unhealthy atmosphere in which liberal-minded individuals can be singled out and persecuted. [295] Limelight featured a cameo appearance from Buster Keaton, whom Chaplin cast as his stage partner in a pantomime scene. [49] In February, he managed to secure a two-week trial for his younger brother. When the priest, who. [e] Chaplin worked hard, and the act was popular with audiences, but he was not satisfied with dancing and wished to form a comedy act. [107] Behind the Screen and The Rink completed Chaplin's releases for 1916. Cimetire de Corsier-sur-Vevey. Exclusive: Charlie'S Chaplin'S Manor: A Last Private Visit Before It Becomes A Museum. It was a challenging production that lasted 21 months,[192] with Chaplin later confessing that he "had worked himself into a neurotic state of wanting perfection". It is quality, not quantity, we are after. [155] The filmmaker was hurt by this failure he had long wanted to produce a dramatic film and was proud of the result and soon withdrew A Woman of Paris from circulation. [g], Meanwhile, Sydney Chaplin had joined Fred Karno's prestigious comedy company in 1906 and, by 1908, he was one of their key performers. [315] The political satire parodied HUAC and attacked elements of 1950s culture including consumerism, plastic surgery, and wide-screen cinema. [205] The day after he arrived in Japan, Prime Minister Inukai Tsuyoshi was assassinated by ultra-nationalists in the May 15 Incident. [166] Chaplin stated at its release, "This is the picture that I want to be remembered by". [154] The public, however, seemed to have little interest in a Chaplin film without Chaplin, and it was a box office disappointment. [287] Calls were made for him to be deported; in one extreme and widely published example, Representative John E. Rankin, who helped establish HUAC, told Congress in June 1947: "[Chaplin's] very life in Hollywood is detrimental to the moral fabric of America. This could be one of those Mandela effect things. [406] Sentimentality in his films comes from a variety of sources, with Louvish pinpointing "personal failure, society's strictures, economic disaster, and the elements". Walworth, London Borough of Southwark, Greater London, England. No other filmmaker ever so completely dominated every aspect of the work, did every job. Limelight was heavily autobiographical, alluding not only to Chaplin's childhood and the lives of his parents, but also to his loss of popularity in the United States. [22] For the two months she was there, Chaplin and his brother Sydney were sent to live with their father, whom the young boys scarcely knew. [113], Chaplin was attacked in the British media for not fighting in the First World War. Welcome to the Charlie Chaplin image bank! Chaplin was cynical about this new medium and the technical shortcomings it presented, believing that "talkies" lacked the artistry of silent films. Chaplin's boss was Mack Sennett, who initially expressed concern that the 24-year-old looked too young. ( m. 1938; died 1945) . 39 cutesymonsterman 3 yr. ago Me too! It's hardly surprising that Charlie Chaplin's The Great Dictator was banned in Germany, and in every country occupied by Germany, in 1940. March 1949), Victoria Agnes (b. In 2006, Thomas Meehan and Christopher Curtis created another musical, Limelight: The Story of Charlie Chaplin, which was first performed at the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego in 2010. Charles Chaplin. He received several offers, including Universal, Fox, and Vitagraph, the best of which came from the Mutual Film Corporation at $10,000[o] a week. Average for the last 12 months. [332] He also signed a deal with Universal Pictures and appointed his assistant, Jerome Epstein, as the producer. In The Living Room Of The. [17] As the situation deteriorated, Chaplin was sent to Lambeth Workhouse when he was seven years old. [324] In July 1962, The New York Times published an editorial stating that "we do not believe the Republic would be in danger if yesterday's unforgotten little tramp were allowed to amble down the gangplank of a steamer or plane in an American port". [449] Filmmakers who cited Chaplin as an influence include Federico Fellini (who called Chaplin "a sort of Adam, from whom we are all descended"),[356] Jacques Tati ("Without him I would never have made a film"),[356] Ren Clair ("He inspired practically every filmmaker"),[355] Franois Truffaut ("My religion is cinema. May 1951), Eugene Anthony (b. August 1953), Jane Cecil (b. In her memoirs, Lita Grey later claimed that many of her complaints were "cleverly, shockingly enlarged upon or distorted" by her lawyers. Updated: May 5, 2021 Photo: General Film Company/Getty Images (1889-1977). Authorities arrested two men, Roman Wardas and . [298] At New York, he boarded the RMSQueen Elizabeth with his family on 18 September 1952. British-born actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin seated in a stadium next to his son, Charles, Jr . [238] The ending was unpopular, however, and generated controversy. [35][36] He supported himself with a range of jobs, while nursing his ambition to become an actor. [139], Losing the child, plus his own childhood experiences, are thought to have influenced Chaplin's next film, which turned the Tramp into the caretaker of a young boy. [313] He began developing his first European film, A King in New York, in 1954. [222] The couple had refused to comment on the nature of their relationship, and it was not known whether they were married or not. Chaplin decided that the concept would "make a wonderful comedy",[266] and paid Welles $5,000[ad] for the idea. [228], Chaplin spent two years developing the script[229] and began filming in September 1939, six days after Britain declared war on Germany. [344] He experienced several further strokes, which made it difficult for him to communicate, and he had to use a wheelchair. Free shipping for many products! [81] When Chaplin's contract came up for renewal at the end of the year, he asked for $1,000 a week[j] an amount Sennett refused as too large. The manager sensed potential in Chaplin, who was promptly given his first role as a newsboy in Harry Arthur Saintsbury's Jim, a Romance of Cockayne. [268] Because of this, the film met with controversy when it was released in April 1947;[269] Chaplin was booed at the premiere, and there were calls for a boycott. [85], Chaplin asserted a high level of control over his pictures and started to put more time and care into each film. [63] Chaplin arrived in Los Angeles in early December,[64] and began working for the Keystone studio on 5January 1914.[65]. When he was 14, his mother was committed to a mental asylum. select picture. [475], Chaplin's final home, Manoir de Ban in Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland, has been converted into a museum named "Chaplin's World". Chaplin is truly immortal. [353][ak] Chaplin was interred in the Corsier-sur-Vevey cemetery. [14] The following year, Hannah gave birth to a third son, George Wheeler Dryden, fathered by the music hall entertainer Leo Dryden. [191] City Lights followed the Tramp's love for a blind flower girl (played by Virginia Cherrill) and his efforts to raise money for her sight-saving operation. [429] According to film historian Jeffrey Vance, "although he relied upon associates to arrange varied and complex instrumentation, the musical imperative is his, and not a note in a Chaplin musical score was placed there without his assent. [452] Mark Cousins has also detected Chaplin's comedic style in the French character Monsieur Hulot and the Italian character Tot. [396], Chaplin's silent films typically follow the Tramp's efforts to survive in a hostile world. He was 29. [495] The French film The Price of Fame (2014) is a fictionalised account of the robbery of Chaplin's grave. [73] During the filming of his 11th picture, Mabel at the Wheel, he clashed with director Mabel Normand and was almost released from his contract. With Georgia Hale as his leading lady, Chaplin began filming the picture in February 1924. [370] Many of his early films began with only a vague premise, for example "Charlie enters a health spa" or "Charlie works in a pawn shop". This is a perceptive, insightful portrait of . First National had on 12 April announced Chaplin's engagement to the actress May Collins, whom he had hired to be his secretary at the studio. [16] Chaplin's early years were spent with his mother and brother Sydney in the London district of Kennington. This lasted until the next morning, when Chaplin was able to get the gun from her. [177] Eager to end the case without further scandal, Chaplin's lawyers agreed to a cash settlement of $600,000[u] the largest awarded by American courts at that time. [429] This process, which could take months, would start with Chaplin describing to the composer(s) exactly what he wanted and singing or playing tunes he had improvised on the piano. [372] From A Woman of Paris (1923) onward Chaplin began the filming process with a prepared plot,[373] but Robinson writes that every film up to Modern Times (1936) "went through many metamorphoses and permutations before the story took its final form". [430] He was further nominated in the Best Actor, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Picture (as producer) categories for The Great Dictator, and received another Best Original Screenplay nomination for Monsieur Verdoux. [128] He also produced a short propaganda film at his own expense, donated to the government for fund-raising, called The Bond. Spouse. [273] He was proud of the film, writing in his autobiography, "Monsieur Verdoux is the cleverest and most brilliant film I have yet made. [466] Chaplin was ranked at No. [333] Chaplin was paid $600,000 director's fee as well as a percentage of the gross receipts. Charlie Chaplin # 3 XXL "New York City, USA - December 13, 2012: The actor who plays Charlie Chaplin in the eponymous new musical stands for a photo session on the red steps above the TKTS booths at Times Square. [329] The 500-page book became a worldwide best-seller. Communication. [138] The marriage ended in April 1920, with Chaplin explaining in his autobiography that they were "irreconcilably mismated". [486] Throughout the 1980s, the Tramp image was used by IBM to advertise their personal computers. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Charlie Chaplin & Studio Backdrop 20th September 1916 Photo Bob Tucker at the best online prices at eBay! [414] The Kid is thought to reflect Chaplin's childhood trauma of being sent into an orphanage,[414] the main characters in Limelight (1952) contain elements from the lives of his parents,[415] and A King in New York references Chaplin's experiences of being shunned by the United States. By the time the act finished touring in July 1907, the 18-year-old had become an accomplished comedic performer. [79] Chaplin's films introduced a slower form of comedy than the typical Keystone farce,[71] and he developed a large fan base. [387] As a result of his complete independence, he was identified by the film historian Andrew Sarris as one of the first auteur filmmakers. [181] Filming was suspended for ten months while he dealt with the divorce scandal,[182] and it was generally a trouble-ridden production. It was re-interred in the Corsier cemetery in a reinforced concrete vault. March 1946), Josephine Hannah (b. Sennett kept him on, however, when he received orders from exhibitors for more Chaplin films. "[157] Inspired by a photograph of the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush, and later the story of the Donner Party of 18461847, he made what Geoffrey Macnab calls "an epic comedy out of grim subject matter". laurel and hardy. An FBI investigation was opened, and Chaplin was forced to leave the U.S. and settle in Switzerland. Although the film had originally been released in 1952, it did not play for one week in Los Angeles because of its boycott, and thus did not meet the criterion for nomination until it was re-released in 1972. Setting his standards high, he told himself "This next film must be an epic! [211] The state of labour in America troubled him, and he feared that capitalism and machinery in the workplace would increase unemployment levels. Sydney was born when Hannah Chaplin was 19. [402] Hansmeyer notes that several of Chaplin's films end with "the homeless and lonely Tramp [walking] optimistically into the sunset to continue his journey."[403]. This is the first time photographers were able to get a picture of . Access the best of Getty Images with our simple subscription plan. It is paradoxical that tragedy stimulates the spirit of ridicule ridicule, I suppose, is an attitude of defiance; we must laugh in the face of our helplessness against the forces of nature or go insane. [395] His signature style consisted of gestural idiosyncrasies like askew derby hat, drooping shoulders, deflated chest and dangling arms and tilted back pelvis to enrich the comic persona of his 'tramp' character. Karno was initially wary, and considered Chaplin a "pale, puny, sullen-looking youngster" who "looked much too shy to do any good in the theatre". [237] The film generated a vast amount of publicity, with a critic for The New York Times calling it "the most eagerly awaited picture of the year", and it was one of the biggest money-makers of the era. [471] Their central archive is held at the archives of Montreux, Switzerland and scanned versions of its contents, including 83,630 images, 118 scripts, 976 manuscripts, 7,756 letters, and thousands of other documents, are available for research purposes at the Chaplin Research Centre at the Cineteca di Bologna. John Squire. [279] The FBI wanted him out of the country,[280] and launched an official investigation in early 1947. This severely limited its revenue, although it achieved moderate commercial success in Europe. By the time The Circus was released, Hollywood had witnessed the introduction of sound films. [485], In other tributes, a minor planet, 3623 Chaplin (discovered by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina in 1981) is named after Charlie. [131], After the release of Shoulder Arms, Chaplin requested more money from First National, which was refused. Paulette Goddard & Chaplin at his Beverly Hills home, 1936 Oona O'Neill [508], Chaplin received three Academy Awards: an Honorary Award for "versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing, and producing The Circus" in 1929,[185] a second Honorary Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century" in 1972,[343] and a Best Score award in 1973 for Limelight (shared with Ray Rasch and Larry Russell). The infusion of pathos is a well-known aspect of Chaplin's work,[405] and Larcher notes his reputation for "[inducing] laughter and tears". Chaplin had already attracted the attention of the FBI long before the 1940s, the first mention of him in their files being from 1922. "[360] Chaplin's early years in music hall allowed him to see stage comedians at work; he also attended the Christmas pantomimes at Drury Lane, where he studied the art of clowning through performers like Dan Leno. [429] These tunes were then developed further in a close collaboration among the composer(s) and Chaplin. The body was held for ransom in an attempt to extort money from his widow, Oona Chaplin. I was a pantomimist and in that medium I was unique and, without false modesty, a master. Birth. She was 16 and he was 35, meaning Chaplin could have been charged with statutory rape under California law. [326] The same month, Chaplin was invested with the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters by the universities of Oxford and Durham. [511], "Charles Chaplin" redirects here. With the new year, however, Chaplin began to demand more time. [457][458], Chaplin also strongly influenced the work of later comedians. [479] The city also includes a road named after him in central London, "Charlie Chaplin Walk", which is the location of the BFI IMAX. [185] Despite its success, he permanently associated the film with the stress of its production; Chaplin omitted The Circus from his autobiography, and struggled to work on it when he recorded the score in his later years.[186]. Mirroring the circumstances of his first union, Lita Grey was a teenage actress, originally set to star in the film, whose surprise announcement of pregnancy forced Chaplin into marriage. He also described American civil-rights leader and actor Paul Robeson as being "anti-white". [220] Today, Modern Times is seen by the British Film Institute as one of Chaplin's "great features",[199] while David Robinson says it shows the filmmaker at "his unrivalled peak as a creator of visual comedy". It opened on 17 April 2016 after fifteen years of development, and is described by Reuters as "an interactive museum showcasing the life and works of Charlie Chaplin". Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Photo: 1928 Charlie Chaplin in 'The Circus' Little Tramp Photo at the best online prices at eBay! He should be deported and gotten rid of at once. [448] According to David Robinson, Chaplin's innovations were "rapidly assimilated to become part of the common practice of film craft". [d] This was an isolated occurrence, but by the time he was nine Chaplin had, with his mother's encouragement, grown interested in performing. After leaving Essanay, Chaplin found himself engaged in a legal battle with the company that lasted until 1922. [330], Shortly after the publication of his memoirs, Chaplin began work on A Countess from Hong Kong (1967), a romantic comedy based on a script he had written for Paulette Goddard in the 1930s. [15], Chaplin's childhood was fraught with poverty and hardship, making his eventual trajectory "the most dramatic of all the rags to riches stories ever told" according to his authorised biographer David Robinson. In 1919, Chaplin co-founded the distribution company United Artists, which gave him complete control over his films. The camera is there to photograph the actors". [334] A Countess from Hong Kong premiered in January 1967, to unfavourable reviews, and was a box-office failure. If he could have done so, Chaplin would have played every role and (as his son Sydney humorously but perceptively observed) sewn every costume. [13] Although they never divorced, Chaplin's parents were estranged by around 1891. [240] Charles J. Maland has identified this overt preaching as triggering a decline in Chaplin's popularity, and writes, "Henceforth, no movie fan would ever be able to separate the dimension of politics from [his] star image". This film was the last Chaplin made in his Hollywood studio, which passed through several hands and for some years now has been occupied by A&M Records. [190], When filming began at the end of 1928, Chaplin had been working on the story for almost a year. Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements. [149], Having fulfilled his First National contract, Chaplin was free to make his first picture as an independent producer. [383] Robinson writes that even in Chaplin's later years, his work continued "to take precedence over everything and everyone else". Chaplin (left) in his first film appearance, 19391952: controversies and fading popularity. [442], As a filmmaker, Chaplin is considered a pioneer and one of the most influential figures of the early twentieth century. In November 1922, he began filming A Woman of Paris, a romantic drama about ill-fated lovers. According to Robinson, this had an effect on the quality of the film. [133] Work on the picture was for a time delayed by more turmoil in his personal life. I would like to have told them that the sooner I was rid of that hate-beleaguered atmosphere the better, that I was fed up of America's insults and moral pomposity[301], Because all of his property remained in America, Chaplin refrained from saying anything negative about the incident to the press. [215] Chaplin's performance of a gibberish song did, however, give the Tramp a voice for the only time on film. He initially refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue. She eventually divorced Chaplin in Mexico in 1942, citing incompatibility and separation for more than a year. The Eight Lancashire Lads were still touring until 1908; the exact time Chaplin left the group is unverified, but based on research, A. J. Marriot believes it was in December 1900. [478], In London, a statue of Chaplin as the Tramp, sculpted by John Doubleday and unveiled in 1981, is located in Leicester Square. [ah] The couple decided to settle in Switzerland and, in January 1953, the family moved into their permanent home: Manoir de Ban, a 14-hectare (35-acre) estate[308] overlooking Lake Geneva in Corsier-sur-Vevey. [320] Chaplin banned American journalists from its Paris premire and decided not to release the film in the United States. [314] Casting himself as an exiled king who seeks asylum in the United States, Chaplin included several of his recent experiences in the screenplay. [34], In the years Chaplin was touring with the Eight Lancashire Lads, his mother ensured that he still attended school but, by age 13, he had abandoned education. [377] According to his friend Ivor Montagu, "nothing but perfection would be right" for the filmmaker. He later wrote: "[she] imbued me with the feeling that I had some sort of talent". Writer: The Great Dictator. Most serious of these was an alleged violation of the Mann Act, which prohibits the transportation of women across state boundaries for sexual purposes. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. [325], In America, the political atmosphere began to change and attention was once again directed to Chaplin's films instead of his views. [184] At the 1st Academy Awards, Chaplin was given a special trophy "For versatility and genius in acting, writing, directing and producing The Circus". Charlie Chaplin and Family. I hate government and rules and fetters People must be free. The group's original plan had been to provoke a war with the United States by assassinating Chaplin at a welcome reception organised by the prime minister, but the plan had been foiled due to delayed public announcement of the event's date. He soon developed the Tramp persona and attracted a large fan base. [497] It was adapted for Broadway two years later, re-titled Chaplin A Musical. [369] As ideas were accepted and discarded, a narrative structure would emerge, frequently requiring Chaplin to reshoot an already-completed scene that might have otherwise contradicted the story. Accurate description. [57] The tour lasted 21 months, and the troupe returned to England in June 1912. A statue was erected in 1998;[484] since 2011, the town has been host to the annual Charlie Chaplin Comedy Film Festival, which was founded to celebrate Chaplin's legacy and to showcase new comic talent. [352] Among the film industry's tributes, director Ren Clair wrote, "He was a monument of the cinema, of all countries and all times the most beautiful gift the cinema made to us. [125][140] For this new venture, Chaplin also wished to do more than comedy and, according to Louvish, "make his mark on a changed world". [109] With their careful construction, these films are considered by Chaplin scholars to be among his finest work. [178] His fan base was strong enough to survive the incident, and it was soon forgotten, but Chaplin was deeply affected by it. A representative who had seen his performances thought he could replace Fred Mace, a star of their Keystone Studios who intended to leave. [82], The Essanay Film Manufacturing Company of Chicago sent Chaplin an offer of $1,250[k] a week with a signing bonus of $10,000. Browse 23 charles chaplin jr. son of charlie chaplin stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [340] The visit attracted a large amount of press coverage and, at the Academy Awards gala, he was given a 12-minute standing ovation, the longest in the academy's history. [71][393] Unlike conventional slapstick comedies, Robinson states that the comic moments in Chaplin's films centre on the Tramp's attitude to the things happening to him: the humour does not come from the Tramp bumping into a tree, but from his lifting his hat to the tree in apology. [505], From the film industry, Chaplin received a special Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival in 1972,[506] and a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Lincoln Center Film Society the same year. [206], In his autobiography, Chaplin recalled that on his return to Los Angeles, "I was confused and without plan, restless and conscious of an extreme loneliness". [426] With the advent of sound technology, Chaplin began using a synchronised orchestral soundtrack composed by himself for City Lights (1931). [341], In 1972, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences offered Chaplin an Honorary Award, which Robinson sees as a sign that America "wanted to make amends". It was his first to use Technicolor and the widescreen format, while he concentrated on directing and appeared on-screen only in a cameo role as a seasick steward. Evidence from blood tests that indicated otherwise were not admissible,[ab] and the judge ordered Chaplin to pay child support until Carol Ann turned 21. [203][w] He spent months travelling Western Europe, including extended stays in France and Switzerland, and spontaneously decided to visit Japan. [101] The high salary shocked the public and was widely reported in the press. [327] In November 1963, the Plaza Theater in New York started a year-long series of Chaplin's films, including Monsieur Verdoux and Limelight, which gained excellent reviews from American critics. [292], Filming began in November 1951, by which time Chaplin had spent three years working on the story. Charlie Chaplin directing Marlon Brando and Sophia Loren In 1966 he produced his last picture, "A Countess from Hong Kong" for Universal Pictures, his only film in colour, starring Sophia Loren and Marlon Brando. [304] Reflecting on this, Maland writes that Chaplin's fall, from an "unprecedented" level of popularity, "may be the most dramatic in the history of stardom in America".[305]. [l] He joined the studio in late December 1914,[83] where he began forming a stock company of regular players, actors he worked with again and again, including Ben Turpin, Leo White, Bud Jamison, Paddy McGuire, Fred Goodwins, and Billy Armstrong. [509] In 1976, Chaplin was made a Fellow of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). [112] However, Chaplin also felt that those films became increasingly formulaic over the period of the contract, and he was increasingly dissatisfied with the working conditions encouraging that. [225], The 1940s saw Chaplin face a series of controversies, both in his work and in his personal life, which changed his fortunes and severely affected his popularity in the United States. [208] Chaplin's loneliness was relieved when he met 21-year-old actress Paulette Goddard in July 1932, and the pair began a relationship. [232] "I was determined to go ahead", he later wrote, "for Hitler must be laughed at. [148] He then worked to fulfil his First National contract, releasing Pay Day in February 1922. "[61] He met with the company and signed a $150-per-week[h] contract in September 1913. [477] Previously, the Museum of the Moving Image in London held a permanent display on Chaplin, and hosted a dedicated exhibition to his life and career in 1988. The next year, his wife renounced her US citizenship and became a British citizen. [167], While making The Gold Rush, Chaplin married for the second time. [363][364] From the film industry, Chaplin drew upon the work of the French comedian Max Linder, whose films he greatly admired.